Diabetes: The details and how to prevent it
The growth of diabetes in Canada is at epidemic levels. Did you know that more than two million Canadians have diabetes and one-third of them are undiagnosed? November is National Diabetes Month, a time to be reminded that there is no cure yet for this widespread disease. While diabetes can be managed, you may be surprised to find out that in many cases, diabetes can be prevented.
The first step is to identify the risks for a better understanding. There are, for example, three main types of Diabetes Mellitus:
Type 1diabetes develops when the body’s immune system destroys islet cells In the pancreas. These cells are needed to produce insulin, the hormone that regulates blood glucose. Researchers believe genetic factors, exposure to certain viruses and diet all play a role.
Type 2diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body does not effectively use the insulin that is produced. Type 2 affects 90 per cent of people with diabetes. In recent years, more and more young people are being diagnosed, adding to the theory that excess weight and fatty tissue – along with a lack of exercise – may trigger this form of the disease.
Gestational diabetes is caused by a temporary form of glucose intolerance. It is diagnosed in about 3.5 per cent of women during pregnancy and is more common among obese women and those with a family history of the disease.
Symptoms
There are two classic symptoms of diabetes: increased thirst and frequent urination. Other warning signs include weight change (gain or loss); extreme fatigue or lack of energy; blurred vision; frequent recurring infections; cuts and bruises that are slow to heal; tingling or numbness in the hands or feet; and swollen or tender gums.
The good news is that people with diabetes can lead active, independent and vital lives and even prevent complications if they are seriously committed to managing their condition. If this is you, or someone you
care for, it is important to:
. Keep the blood glucose levels in your target range
. Take your insulin or other medications as prescribed
. Keep your cholesterol and other blood fats in your target range
. Keep your weight in a healthy range
. Keep your blood pressure close to target level
. Manage stress effectively
. Plan and stick to a balanced meal plan
. Be physically active every day
. Be smoke-free
. Take care of your feet, teeth and eyes
Questions about diabetes prevention and living with diabetes can be answered through EatRight Ontario’s telephone centre toll-free. By calling 1-877-510-510-2, you’ll be able to speak to a Registered Dietitian for free, Monday to Friday 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. ET.
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